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Lesson 5
Beware of pollution!
Objectives: By the end of the lesson you will have
• read a paragraph dealing with cause and effect
• looked at the organisation paragraph
• written a similar paragraph
A Discuss in pairs what you understand by 'cause' and 'effect'. Look at the words in the following box and find out with your partner which causes which. e.g. rainfall causes floods.
bacteria
rainfall
disease
floods deaths
drought
high calories
erosion obesity
loss of crops
famine
bad crops
Notice that sometimes the effect is itself the cause of something else. For example, bacteria causes disease which causes death. Here disease is both a cause and an effect as shown in the following diagram.
B Draw a table like the following. Write 5 causes in the first column, using words other than the ones given in Task A. Then ask your partner to write in their effects.
Cause Effect
C Read the following paragraph about the causes and effects of pollution.
Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessarily as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash, and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial discharge, the indiscriminate disposal of toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. And finally, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste causes serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases.
Now discuss in pairs the following questions.
1 What is the most serious source of pollution in your own locality?
2 Which types of pollution are easiest to prevent? Which are the most difficult? Why?
D Now look at how the paragraph is organised. Answer the following questions.
1 What is the function of the first sentence?
2 What is the function of the second sentence?
3 How many causes are mentioned?
4 How are the developing sentences in this paragraph linked with each other?
5 How does the paragraph end?
E Write a paragraph on air pollution. Remember that "air pollution" is the effect which should be stated first. Then mention the causes of air pollution in the middle of your paragraph. Bring the paragraph to a logical end.
Focus:
Skills.
Discussion, reading,
writing a
paragraph.
Functions.
Expressing cause & effect, understanding paragraph
development.
Grammar/Structure.
Simple present tense, passive voice.
Vocabulary.
trash, dump, aggression, odour, avert, indiscriminate.
This text will be replaced
Lesson 5
Beware of pollution!
Objectives: By the end of the lesson you will have
• read a paragraph dealing with cause and effect
• looked at the organisation paragraph
• written a similar paragraph
A Discuss in pairs what you understand by 'cause' and 'effect'. Look at the words in the following box and find out with your partner which causes which. e.g. rainfall causes floods.
bacteria
rainfall
disease
floods deaths
drought
high calories
erosion obesity
loss of crops
famine
bad crops
Notice that sometimes the effect is itself the cause of something else. For example, bacteria causes disease which causes death. Here disease is both a cause and an effect as shown in the following diagram.
B Draw a table like the following. Write 5 causes in the first column, using words other than the ones given in Task A. Then ask your partner to write in their effects.
Cause Effect
C Read the following paragraph about the causes and effects of pollution.
Every year millions of people all over the world die unnecessarily as a result of pollution. These unfortunate and avoidable deaths are brought about by four specific factors. Firstly, air pollution from factories, burning trash, and vehicle fumes cause pneumonia, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. Then, water pollution from industrial discharge, the indiscriminate disposal of toxic chemicals and the dumping of human waste into rivers and canals causes poisoning and water-borne diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea. The next factor is the noise pollution from vehicle horns and microphones that might cause aggression and damage hearing. And finally, odour pollution from dumped or untreated human waste causes serious discomfort to our sense of smell, and attracts disease-bearing creatures such as rats and flies. We should take determined action to control these problems and clean up the environment to avert these unnecessary diseases.
Now discuss in pairs the following questions.
1 What is the most serious source of pollution in your own locality?
2 Which types of pollution are easiest to prevent? Which are the most difficult? Why?
D Now look at how the paragraph is organised. Answer the following questions.
1 What is the function of the first sentence?
2 What is the function of the second sentence?
3 How many causes are mentioned?
4 How are the developing sentences in this paragraph linked with each other?
5 How does the paragraph end?
E Write a paragraph on air pollution. Remember that "air pollution" is the effect which should be stated first. Then mention the causes of air pollution in the middle of your paragraph. Bring the paragraph to a logical end.
Focus:
Skills.
Discussion, reading,
writing a
paragraph.
Functions.
Expressing cause & effect, understanding paragraph
development.
Grammar/Structure.
Simple present tense, passive voice.
Vocabulary.
trash, dump, aggression, odour, avert, indiscriminate.